MODEL INTEGRATIV BAZAT PE MEDICINA 4P PENTRU SCREENING POPULAȚIONAL ȘI PREVENȚIE PERSONALIZATĂ A BOLILOR CRONICE NETRANSMISIBILE

Ion Mereuță; Vadim Carauș

doi:10.5281/zenodo.22802026

Authors

Ion Mereuță Moldova State University, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova
Vadim Carauș Moldova State University, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-9881

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22802026

Keywords:

public health, P4 prevention, population screening, noncommunicable diseases, personalised nutrition, adaptive phytotherapy, risk stratification

Abstract

Introduction. Noncommunicable diseases represent the dominant epidemiological burden of contemporary public health and result from the interaction of genetic, metabolic, nutritional, behavioural, occupational, and social determinants. According to the WHO fact sheet updated in 2025, noncommunicable diseases caused at least 43 million deaths in 2021, including 18 million premature deaths. For the Republic of Moldova, the most recent standardized population-based data available derive from the STEPS 2021 survey, conducted among adults aged 18–69 years and published by WHO/Europe in 2022.

Aim. To develop a conceptual and methodological model of population screening and personalised prevention grounded in P4 medicine: predictive, preventive, personalised, and participatory.

Materials and Methods. A conceptual analysis of WHO documents, epidemiological studies, and scientific publications on noncommunicable diseases, P4 medicine, population surveillance, personalised nutrition, physical activity, digital health, and traditional and complementary medicine was conducted. Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, nutritional, and behavioural parameters were integrated into an indicative risk-stratification matrix. The study is conceptual-methodological and does not constitute a systematic review.

Results. A five-stage preventive model was proposed: initial screening, risk-adapted biochemical assessment, risk stratification, personalised preventive intervention, and monitoring at 3, 6, and 12 months. The model guides interventions towards lifestyle, personalised nutrition, and adaptive phytotherapeutic support and may be applied in schools, rural communities, and occupational groups.

Conclusions. The model provides a conceptual framework for differentiated prevention of noncommunicable diseases; however, the proposed matrix and interventions have not yet been clinically validated. Their applicability and safety should be evaluated in pilot studies using cardiometabolic, inflammatory, and behavioural indicators.