DRINKING WATER - A DETERMINANT OF POPULATION HEALTH

Abstract

Introduction. Drinking water is an essential determinant of population health and is indispensable for maintaining physiological functions and preventing diseases associated with environmental factors. In the context of limited water resources and climate change, ensuring access to safe drinking water is a public health priority.

Objective. To assess the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of drinking water supply in the Republic of Moldova and their implications for population health.

Materials and methods. This descriptive retrospective study analyzed the results of audit monitoring of drinking water quality in the Republic of Moldova from 2021 to 2025. Water supply sources and sample compliance with sanitary standards were assessed using hygienic, sanitary-chemical, and statistical methods.

Results. The analysis revealed persistent problems with groundwater quality. The proportion of chemically noncompliant samples was 56.3% in 2025, compared with 64.4% in 2024, 61.8% in 2023, and 70.6% in 2022. The main noncompliant parameters were fluoride, nitrate, and iron. Although access to centralized water supply systems is increasing, substantial urban–rural disparities persist.

Conclusions. Improving drinking water quality and accessibility requires stronger monitoring, protection of water sources, and modernization of water supply infrastructure to reduce health risks.